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| The Eighteenth Century England The Rise of Bourgeois: The Rise of English Novel |
A: Eighteenth-century England
People experienced a duration of fellowship that effected a kind of transformation in their approach to various areas of their lives, whether mentally or practically. They were in a confused and complicated situation. Conflicting political conditions resulted in a form of social hierarchy and aggression for the status quo.
However, Britain was also transformed by the Industrial Revolution after 1688. There was a pursuit of luxury and materialistic prosperity in society. Capitalism has drastically changed the face of society and this transformation has diverted the population's business and entertainment.
The Eighteenth Century England The Rise of Bourgeois: The Rise of English Novel
In response to this paradoxical situation, a nation ruled by an old elite but ruled by trade and commerce, authors experimented with socially mixed combinations of tragedy, comedy, epic, pastoral, and satire. These classical genres generally failed to resolve the contradictions of social hierarchy. Moreover, these genres could not reflect the emerging reality of this versatile commercial society and wider, socially mixed audience. This discontent arose and honed a new genre, fiction with a purely English source, as W. In order to understand this evolving interrelationship between social change and literary form, we will discuss various significant elements in this article.
B: The Rise of the Bourgeoisie
The political turmoil between 1642 and 1660 had a profound and lasting impact on how writers and readers perceived the nation's social hierarchy. The creation of the republic in 1649 not only removed the king, but also temporarily raised the level of the middle class, including small domestic traders, merchants, and common army officers. Positions of unique power and influence emerged. This system eliminated the House of Lords and exposed the royalist nobility and gentry to abstraction, heavy fines, and the destructive use of their land. This eventually gave rise to the bourgeoisie, the middle class.
1. The Industrial Revolution
It can be said that the Industrial Revolution paved the way for the rise of the middle class and also created a demand for people's desire for reading topics related to their everyday experiences. It brought about a drastic change in the social set-up and mindset of the society which brought a lot of wealth, luxury and materialistic accessories. So this mind required both focus and importance, which gave rise to another class in society called the bourgeois.
2. Belief in social hierarchy
Eighteenth-century writers and readers were shaped by their daily experience of a culture dominated by an almost unquestioning belief in social hierarchy. However, theoretical obstacles and historical simplifications hinder our understanding of this hierarchy and its literary impact. By now, a long line of scholars has argued that the concept of "social class" is highly misleading when applied to a culture that conceives of itself through gradations of "status" or "rank."1 The growing economic power of the so-called middle class or bourgeoisie, itself itself a deeply divided and complex grouping, it did not translate into a power grab, or even a disregard for traditional ideas of political authority.
3. Power in the hands of the business ranks
Moreover, successful authors since the Restoration tended to write for a distinctly plebeian group of city-based booksellers who regarded literature as a craft and who sometimes became very wealthy in the "book trade". Especially after the Glorious Revolution of 1688, writers often subjected the traditional elite to scathing satire, contrasting the decadence and greed of the contemporary aristocracy with traditional ideals of noble honor and virtue. Nevertheless, writers equally denigrated the avarice and vulgarity of the rising financial elite and rarely suggested that the commercial ranks seize power. Literary representations of old and new elites, inherited and newly created wealth, are generally characterized by controlled tension rather than confrontation, generating a series of higher values of morality and national interest while implicitly underwriting the legitimacy of traditional social hierarchy. In this way, literature arguably played a significant role in mediating the social and political tensions that erupted in France in the Revolution.
.C: The Rise of the English Novel
The 18th century in the social history of England is characterized by the rise of the middle class. Due to the enormous growth of trade and commerce, the English merchant class was becoming wealthy and wanted to concentrate, this newly wealthy class also wanted to excel in the field of literature. This class was neglected by the noble writers, and their tastes and desires were expressed by the novelists of the day. The novel was actually a product of the middle class. Thus, with the rise of the middle class, the rise of the novel was quite natural.
1. The rise of the middle class
The English merchant class was getting rich and this newly wealthy class wanted to attract the attention of others. This class was neglected by the noble writers, and their tastes and desires were expressed by the novelists of the day. The novel was in fact a product of the middle class for the middle class, as expressed by Thrall et al. Thus, with the rise of the middle class, the rise of the novel was quite natural. The novel therefore developed as a piece of prose that presents characters in real-life events and situations. Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Defoe and Tom Jones by Henry Fielding are some of the early English novels. The novel is realistic prose in such a way that it can demonstrate its relation to real life.
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